Abstract
A simple and direct path is proposed towards the formation of the first organism, LUCA (the last universal common ancestor), which is described using observations found in the scientific literature. The path is proposed to take place in the environment provided by hot springs and in the presence of snow and ice, thus creating the “FIRE and ICE” conditions. The path proposed is one which is plausible given that the experiment cannot be re-run. The path consists of the following steps: delivery of water and organic compounds to the early Earth via comet and asteroid impacts, formation of vesicles in geysers, entrapment of clay particles, amino acids and other ingredients in the vesicles, formation of template-directed peptides, elongation to peptides with catalytic activity, an association of catalytic peptides with aromatic compounds including purines and pyrimidines, peptide catalyzed the development of nucleotides, polymerization of nucleotides to RNA, the RNA world, stereochemical association with amino acids and peptides, the RNA-peptide world, allow the RNA world to develop a ‘code’ which develops into the genetic code and the advent of LUCA. This is not an extensive literature review but presents as simplified a path towards the first organism as can be envisaged using all steps found in the literature.
Early Chemical Developments on a Young Planet
Page: 1-19 (19)
Author: Peter R. Clements
DOI: 10.2174/9789815040319121010004
PDF Price: $15
Order From Chaos: Formation of Vesicles and their Contents
Page: 20-36 (17)
Author: Peter R. Clements
DOI: 10.2174/9789815040319121010005
PDF Price: $15
Plate Tectonics that Generate the Fire
Page: 37-42 (6)
Author: Peter R. Clements
DOI: 10.2174/9789815040319121010006
PDF Price: $15
Formation of Peptides, Nucleotides and RNA
Page: 43-60 (18)
Author: Peter R. Clements
DOI: 10.2174/9789815040319121010007
PDF Price: $15
Development of the Genetic Code
Page: 61-72 (12)
Author: Peter R. Clements
DOI: 10.2174/9789815040319121010008
PDF Price: $15
Sense-Antisense Peptide Recognition, Peptides and Protein Folding
Page: 73-81 (9)
Author: Peter R. Clements
DOI: 10.2174/9789815040319121010009
PDF Price: $15
Summary of the Stages of the Process Toward the Origin of Life
Page: 82-90 (9)
Author: Peter R. Clements
DOI: 10.2174/9789815040319121010010
PDF Price: $15
Introduction
In the book, The Origin of Life in Fire and Ice, the author proposes a simple and direct path which may have caused the formation of one of the earliest organisms described using observations found in scientific literature: the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). The path is proposed to take place in the environment provided by hot springs in the presence of snow and ice, thus creating the ‘fire and ice’ conditions. The author guides the reader through several steps that ultimately lead to the beginning of life on our planet as we know it. The journey starts from the delivery of water and organic compounds to the early Earth by comet and asteroid impacts, progressing to the formation of vesicles in geysers, the entrapment of clay particles, amino acids and other ingredients in the vesicles, the formation of template-directed peptides, the elongation to peptides with catalytic activity, the association of catalytic peptides with aromatic compounds (including purines and pyrimidines), peptide catalyzed development of nucleotides, polymerization of nucleotides to RNA, the RNA world, and the stereochemical association with amino acids and peptides into the RNA-peptide world. These steps allow the RNA world to develop a code which forms the basis of the genetic code and ushers in the advent of LUCA. The fiery and icy path to the origin of life is simplified in this book for anyone interested in this intriguing subject.