Liver biopsy (LB) is sometimes considered to be the "gold standard" for the evaluation of liver morphology in the diagnosis of chronic hepatopathies. A major disadvantage of LB is its invasiveness: the risk of post-biopsy discomfort for patients and sometimes, of serious complications; the lack of sensitivity to detect fibrosis, due to its heterogeneity and the difficulty to obtain adequate physical samples for pathological examination is also problematic. In these circumstances, the idea of LB as the "gold standard" for staging and grading chronic hepatitis in routine medical diagnoses is questionable. Non-invasive methods such as ultrasound elastography provide an effective alternative for liver evaluation without the risk of complications that arise from liver biopsies. There are a number of variants of elastographic techniques which include transient elastography (FibroScan, Echosens), Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography (Siemens S2000) and other methods of shear wave elastography. This revised edition of Hepatic Elastography Using Ultrasound Waves presents an updated set of chapters on the related topic. Chapters cover several methods of hepatic elastography (transient, shear wave, real time strain, elastPQ etc.). This edition consolidates all methods of point shear wave elastography (including ARFI and ElastPQ methods) into a single chapter and presents information on 2D shear wave elastography in a separate chapter. In addition, this revised edition offers readers new information on the comparison of each elastographic technique and supplements readers with a set of general guidelines on liver elastography. This revised edition is an essential reference for hepatologists interested in non invasive diagnostic methods for liver diseases.

During the last two decades microsurgery has progressively taken the place of macrosurgery since it largely improves the experimental models in liver research. This is a concise but comprehensive book focusing on key issues in microsurgical techniques for liver research. The book has been written for medical, biological, veterinary and pharmaceutical researchers and advanced students who wish to develop experimental models of liver diseases by using microsurgery. The book is organized in twelve chapters in which the basic and applied aspects of experimental liver surgery are included. Many illustrations are given to reproduce each microtechnique which should particularly useful to the readers.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of elevated liver enzymes and chronic liver disease in Western countries. NAFLD is characterized by elevated liver enzymes in the absence of alcohol consumption and secondary causes of liver disease. It is an independent predictor of future risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance). This book is a quick reference guide for medical students and professionals about NAFLD. Readers will find a summary of epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, imaging techniques, histopathology, and disease management. The book also presents information about NAFLD linked with hepatocellular carcinoma and guidelines for treating NAFLD in pediatric patients. Each chapter presents information in a simple, structured manner making this text an ideal handbook for supplementing hepatology modules in medical curricula.

This handbook explains the application of nanoparticles in medical diagnosis and treatment. It is a ready reference on the subject, starting with the introduction to nanoparticles and progressing to synthetic procedures for nanotherapeutics, human disease diagnosis and nanocarrier-based drug delivery. The book also covers information about specific nanoparticle conjugates, in which nanoparticles are combined with drugs or nucleic acid strands (DNA, siRNAs, shRNAs, miRNAs) as well as topics of relevant to this field such as immunotherapy and vaccination development strategies. Each chapter also provides references for further reading. </p> A Comprehensive Guide to Nanoparticles in Medicine is an ideal resource for scholars in medicine, pharmacology and technology who require an understanding to some basic facets of nanoparticles.

Advances in Modern Medicine introduces recent advanced medical practices performed at the Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center (KMCCCC) - one of the leading hospitals in Japan - to those working in the field of medicine throughout the world, including physicians, surgeons, pharmacists, psychologists, medical engineers, medical technologists, nurses, and students. Readers will be updated on the general trends in modern medicine relevant to a variety of medical specialties performed at KMCCCC. The volume covers topics such as cancer management, acute phase reaction against a national-level disaster, depression management, emergency medicine, hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal diseases, orthopedics, organ transportation, infection control, blood disease, chronic kidney disease, palliative care, dermatology, ophthalmology, pathology, and nursing for cancer patients. Aspiring medical students can learn more about the latest developments in their field of interest, while patients can learn about treatment options available for different diseases.

This Ebook covers the emerging and most important theories underlying artificial intelligence applications in a variety of medical problems. It is written for physicians, researchers, engineers, statisticians and advanced students who wish to increase their familiarity with different topics of modern mathematics related to predictive medicine. Both theoretical and applied aspects are presented in this book. Many illustrative mathematical explanations and worked-out examples are given. This book features contributions by nine noted experts from leading medical centers worldwide, which should prove to be of considerable interest to the readers.

The back is an extensive area containing large muscles on the superior level and smaller interconnecting muscles between the bones of the back - the vertebrae, ribs, and scapula. The arrangement of muscles in each layer and their functioning is discussed in this 3D audio-visual presentation, highlighting clinically relevant manifestations.

This anthology of articles on causal inference and scientific paradigms in epidemiology covers several important topics including the search for causal explanations, the strengths and limitations of causal criteria, quantitative approaches for assessing causal relationships that are relevant to epidemiology and emerging paradigms in epidemiologic research. In order to provide historical context, an overview of philosophical and historical developments relevant to causal inference in epidemiology and public health is also provided. Several theoretical and applied aspects of causal inference are dealt with. The aim of this Ebook is not only to summarize important developments in causal inference in epidemiology but also to identify possible ways to enhance the search for causal explanations for diseases and injuries. Examples are provided from such fields as chronic disease epidemiology, Veterans health, and environmental epidemiology. A particular goal of the Ebook is to provide ideas for strengthening causal inference in epidemiology in the context of refined research paradigms. These topics are important because the results of epidemiologic studies contribute to generalizable knowledge by clarifying the causes of diseases, by combining epidemiologic data with information from other disciplines (for example, psychology and industrial hygiene), by evaluating the consistency of epidemiologic data with etiological hypotheses about causation, and by providing the basis for evaluating procedures for health promotion and prevention and public health practices.

A sound knowledge of the structure and function of the human body in all of its intricacies is the foundation of medical education. The Focus ANIMATED ESSENTIAL ATLAS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY is one such tool that provides enormous ways to learn, review and teach the human anatomical systems and their physiology. As a learning tool it is the first of its kind to provide in depth details about the systems covered through 3D animation of OVER 200 MINUTES. The systems are elucidated through very graphic, life-like animations. Such a learning tool has never been attempted before and is ideal for e-learning. In this Animated Atlas the anatomy and physiology is organized according to the biological systems of the human body. The Atlas deals with the biology of ALL essential body systems and helps any student of medicine to cope with their peers.

Face, the landmark for the body, has no deep fascia with the muscles of facial expression directly attached to the skin. The face has several landmarks which are useful for the doctors and paramedical staff during certain procedures. Various parts of the face, as landmarks, and nerves supplying these parts are discussed in this 3D audio-visual presentation making it an interesting tool for knowledge and comprehension.